In the vast and diverse landscapes of New Mexico, a hidden treasure waits to be discovered – 17 species of hummingbirds. These tiny creatures, known for their vibrant colors and magical flight, grace the state with their presence. Among them, the Black-chinned Hummingbirds take the lead, with their frequent sightings during the summer months. But they are not alone in capturing the hearts of bird enthusiasts; the Broad-tailed Hummingbirds, Rufous Hummingbirds, and Calliope Hummingbirds also make appearances. These charming creatures showcase their impressive flight capabilities as they traverse long distances. Nectar and small insects become their delicious feast, and with the help of plant down and spider silk, they create intricate nests. Some species even embark on extraordinary migratory journeys, while others, like the Anna’s Hummingbirds, prefer the mild climate of the Pacific Coast all year long. As the sun glistens on their iridescent feathers, the hummingbirds of New Mexico continue to captivate all who have the pleasure of witnessing their presence.
Regularly Occurring Species
New Mexico is home to a diverse range of hummingbird species, with a total of 17 species identified in the state. Of these, 11 species are regularly occurring, meaning they can be reliably observed in New Mexico’s natural habitats. These regularly occurring species include the Black-chinned Hummingbird, Broad-tailed Hummingbird, Rufous Hummingbird, Calliope Hummingbird, Magnificent Hummingbird, Lucifer Hummingbird, Blue-throated Hummingbird, Berylline Hummingbird, Broad-billed Hummingbird, Violet-crowned Hummingbird, and White-eared Hummingbird.
Among these regularly occurring species, the Black-chinned Hummingbird is the most commonly spotted hummingbird in New Mexico during the summer months. Males of the species can be easily identified by their distinct black throat and chin, while females have white throats with green speckles. Black-chinned Hummingbirds are known to visit a variety of flowers for nectar and are highly territorial, fiercely defending their feeding areas. These hummingbirds can be recognized by the buzzing vocalizations they produce. During the winter, they migrate to Mexico, where they spend the colder months.
Another frequently observed species in New Mexico is the Broad-tailed Hummingbird. These hummingbirds are characterized by their metallic green back and crown. Males boast a rose-red throat patch, while females lack the throat patch and have white throats. Like the Black-chinned Hummingbirds, Broad-tailed Hummingbirds migrate to Mexico for the winter. However, they are also known for their distinctive buzzing mating display, which adds to their charm. Similar to other hummingbirds, Broad-tailed Hummingbirds feed on a variety of flowers and insects.
Rufous Hummingbirds are also commonly spotted in New Mexico. These hummingbirds have unique orange-reddish feathers, giving them a vibrant appearance. Females have greenish feathers with rusty markings. Rufous Hummingbirds are highly aggressive and territorial, protecting their feeding areas with fierceness. They migrate long distances, traveling from Alaska all the way to Mexico. Their rapid wing movement and aggressive flight displays are impressive sights to behold. Rufous Hummingbirds feed on a wide range of flowers, making them important pollinators.
Calliope Hummingbirds are among the smallest hummingbird species in New Mexico. The males of this species have a streaked throat with magenta coloring and white tips, adding a touch of elegance to their appearance. Females, on the other hand, have a pale throat with dusky streaks. Calliope Hummingbirds are known for their fluttering flight pattern, which makes them easily distinguishable. Like other hummingbirds, they migrate to Mexico and Central America for the winter. Calliope Hummingbirds primarily feed on nectar from tubular flowers, using their long, specialized bills to access the sweet liquid.
Rare or Accidental Species
While the above-mentioned species are regularly occurring in New Mexico, there are also rare or accidental species that have been spotted on occasion. These are species that are not commonly observed within the state’s borders. Some of these infrequently seen hummingbirds include the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Allen’s Hummingbird, Buff-bellied Hummingbird, Green Violetear, Calliope/Rufous Hummingbird Hybrid, and White-eared Hummingbird (Mexican).
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird, for example, is a rare sighting in New Mexico. These hummingbirds are known for their vibrant ruby-red throat feathers, which make them a delight to behold. Allen’s Hummingbirds, with their distinctive green plumage and rufous patches, are another rarely seen species in the state. Buff-bellied Hummingbirds, as the name suggests, feature buff-colored bellies that set them apart from other species.
The Green Violetear is also classified as a rare or accidental species in New Mexico. These hummingbirds have stunning metallic green plumage and a distinctive blue-violet patch behind their eyes. The Calliope/Rufous Hummingbird Hybrid is a cross between the Calliope and Rufous Hummingbirds, resulting in unique characteristics from both parent species. Lastly, the White-eared Hummingbird (Mexican) is an occasional visitor to New Mexico, with its striking white ear patch and vibrant green feathers.
Flight Capabilities
Hummingbirds have long fascinated observers with their extraordinary flight capabilities. Despite their small size, they possess highly agile and maneuverable flight skills that are truly awe-inspiring. These birds are able to hover in mid-air, a feat made possible by their rapid wing movement. In fact, hummingbirds have the ability to beat their wings up to 80 times per second, allowing them to suspend themselves in the air while they drink nectar from flowers.
Not only can hummingbirds hover, but they are also capable of flying forward and backward. This unique ability allows them to reach nectar from blossoms in various positions. In addition to their horizontal movement, hummingbirds are skilled at vertical ascent and descent. They can zip up to great heights or swiftly descend to the ground, utilizing their flight skills to their advantage.
Speed is another remarkable attribute of hummingbirds. These tiny creatures can reach speeds of up to 60 miles per hour during flight, making them some of the fastest birds in the animal kingdom. This rapid speed allows them to efficiently travel between food sources, such as flowers and feeders, in search of nectar.
What sets hummingbirds apart from other avian species is their ability to perform incredible aerial feats. They can fly upside down and sideways, displaying their acrobatic prowess. These agile movements are not only visually captivating but also serve practical purposes for hummingbirds. Their ability to fly in multiple directions allows them to access nectar from various angles and avoid obstacles in their path.
Feeding Habits
Hummingbirds are primarily nectar feeders, meaning their diet consists mainly of nectar sourced from flowers. They play a vital role in pollination, as they transfer pollen from one flower to another while they feed. This movement of pollen aids in the reproduction of flowering plants and contributes to the overall biodiversity of ecosystems.
To access nectar, hummingbirds use their long, specialized bills to drink from tubular flowers. The shape of their bills allows them to reach deep into the flower’s throat, where the nectar is located. This adaptation is essential for their survival, as they rely on the energy-rich nectar for sustenance.
While nectar provides a significant portion of their diet, hummingbirds also consume small insects for protein. These insects are an important source of nutrients, aiding in the development and maintenance of their muscles and overall health. Hummingbirds are known to catch insects in mid-air using their agility and quick reflexes.
Brightly colored flowers serve as a visual cue for hummingbirds, attracting them to potential food sources. These birds are particularly drawn to flowers that display shades of red, orange, and pink, as these colors stand out in their visual spectrum. This preference for bright hues is due to the fact that hummingbirds have excellent color vision, allowing them to easily locate nectar-rich flowers.
In terms of consumption, hummingbirds have incredibly high metabolisms. They can consume up to twice their body weight in nectar per day to sustain their energy levels. This constant need for food is a driving factor in their frequent visits to flowers and feeders. By regularly feeding on nectar and small insects, hummingbirds ensure that they have the necessary sustenance for their active lifestyle.
Nest Construction
When it comes to building nests, hummingbirds utilize plant down and spider silk as their primary building materials. These materials are lightweight, yet durable, allowing hummingbirds to construct nests that can withstand various weather conditions and provide a safe haven for their offspring.
Hummingbird nests are small and cup-shaped, providing a cozy and secure space for eggs and nestlings. They are typically built in trees or shrubs, often located in concealed areas to offer protection from potential predators. The nests are expertly camouflaged, blending in with their surroundings and making them difficult to detect.
Hummingbirds have the ability to reuse old nests, reinforcing and refurbishing them before the next breeding season. However, they also have the option to build new nests from scratch each year. The choice to reuse or rebuild nests may depend on factors such as the availability of suitable nesting locations and the condition of the existing nest.
Interestingly, the responsibility of nest construction falls solely on the female hummingbird. She meticulously builds the nest, weaving the plant down and spider silk together to create a sturdy structure. The male hummingbird, on the other hand, may play a supportive role by providing materials or engaging in courtship displays to attract a mate.
Migration Patterns
While some hummingbird species in New Mexico are considered resident or non-migratory, others embark on remarkable journeys, migrating long distances each year. These migratory species spend the winter months in warmer regions, such as Mexico or further south, and return to the United States and Canada for breeding during the summer.
Migration allows hummingbirds to follow the blooming of flowers, ensuring a continuous food supply along their journey. As the seasons change and flower availability fluctuates, hummingbirds are able to adapt and find suitable nectar sources. This reliance on flower blooming patterns is crucial for their survival and successful completion of their migration cycles.
The species that undertake migratory journeys display impressive long-distance travel capabilities. They are capable of covering hundreds or even thousands of miles to reach their wintering or breeding grounds. Despite their small size, hummingbirds possess the stamina and energy efficiency required for such extensive travel.
Many migratory hummingbirds exhibit site fidelity, meaning they return to the same breeding grounds each year. This loyalty to specific locations allows them to establish territories, locate familiar food sources, and engage in successful breeding activities. By returning to familiar areas, hummingbirds can utilize their previous experiences and knowledge to their advantage.
In contrast to migratory species, Anna’s Hummingbirds are non-migratory and can be found year-round along the Pacific Coast of the United States. These hummingbirds have adapted to the mild climates of their coastal habitats, allowing them to survive without the need for long-distance migrations. Their ability to withstand colder temperatures sets them apart from their migratory counterparts and contributes to their uniqueness among hummingbird species.
In conclusion, New Mexico is an enchanting destination for bird enthusiasts, offering a diverse array of hummingbird species. From the regularly occurring Black-chinned Hummingbird to the rare or accidental Green Violetear, each species brings its own charm and beauty to the state’s natural landscapes. The flight capabilities of hummingbirds, their feeding habits, nest construction techniques, and migration patterns make them truly remarkable creatures that continue to captivate and inspire all who observe them.
